Orthodontic Aligners: Hidden Environmental Hazards Revealed

In the quest for a perfect smile, many of us turn to orthodontic solutions like aligners. While these clear devices offer a discreet and effective way to straighten teeth, they also harbor a hidden environmental hazard that could have far-reaching consequences.

Swasti Verma, who is pursuing a PhD in biotechnology, and Vineeta Sharma, an associate professor at the Department of Biotechnology, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, have highlighted an alarming environmental and health issue associated with orthodontic aligners. Although these devices are designed for durability, their disposal poses a significant environmental threat.

The Unseen Threat of Microplastics

Orthodontic aligners, made primarily from thermoplastic materials such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyurethane, are renowned for their flexibility and strength. However, the durability that makes them a preferred choice also becomes a double-edged sword. When these aligners are discarded, they do not break down easily. Over time, they can release microplastics into the environment, contributing to a global emergency.

Microplastics, which are tiny particles smaller than 5 millimeters, have invaded ecosystems and human bodies, leading to significant health concerns. They can cause respiratory and cardiovascular issues, and some studies even suggest links to cancer. With nearly 728 million units of aligners being produced each year, it is clear that this issue requires immediate attention.

Degradation and Disposal Dilemma

The problem with aligners is not only in their composition but also in their disposal. As they are subjected to daily wear and mouth conditions like saliva and temperature changes, they begin to degrade. This can occur as soon as one week into use, as the mechanical stress from chewing and speaking contributes to the breakdown of materials through processes such as hydrolysis.

Unfortunately, improper disposal methods exacerbate this issue. Aligners frequently end up in landfills where they can slowly degrade over decades, releasing microplastics into soil and groundwater. Incineration, another disposal method, is equally troubling as it releases harmful toxins into the atmosphere.

Innovative Solutions on the Horizon

Addressing the environmental impact of clear aligners requires innovative approaches. Researchers at Manav Rachna International Institute have developed AlignTrack, an app designed to guide users toward responsible disposal of their used aligners. By locating recycling centers and providing instructions for the recycling process, the app aims to transform used aligners into raw materials for new plastic products.

Moreover, exploring the possibility of making aligners from sustainable or biodegradable materials could greatly reduce environmental harm. Pioneering research into 4-D aligners offers promising potential, although their long-term health impacts remain uncertain.

Future Steps for Environmental and Health Safety

Focusing on the safety of materials used in orthodontics, along with increasing awareness and investment in sustainable solutions, is imperative. As Swasti Verma and Vineeta Sharma emphasize, ensuring rigorous testing and promoting environmentally-responsible practices for aligner therapy is crucial for both human health and the planet’s welfare.

This issue serves as a poignant reminder of the broader implications our choices can have on the environment. As we seek to enhance our smiles with aligners, considering the environmental footprint left behind becomes an undeniable part of the conversation.